Mnemonics: Innate Immune System

Author: V. Dimov, M.D., Allergist/Immunologist and Assistant Professor at University of Chicago
Reviewer: S. Randhawa, M.D., Allergist/Immunologist and Assistant Professor at LSU (Shreveport) Department of Allergy and Immunology

I
Innate immunity (natural or native immunity)
Instant
Immediate
Initial response
Induces adaptive immunity
Integrates with adaptive immunity

A
Adaptive immune system
Acquired
Await days = no immediate response
Accurate = specific
Autoregulation
Autoimmunity

Intraepithelial lymphocytes

B
B1-B cells
Bowel

PAMPs Recognition Receptors

4 PAMPs receptors: T-CNS

Toll-like receptors
C-type lectins
N-formyl Met-Leu-Phe receptors
Scavenger receptors

C
C-type lectins
Calcium-dependent
Carbohydrate-binding molecules

N
NF MLP
Neutrophil chemoattractant

Pattern-recognition receptors (molecules) are divided into 3 groups:

SES

Secreted
Endocytic
Signaling

Macrophages differentiate into specialized forms in different tissues:

KOMA:
Kupffer cells (liver)
Osteoclasts (bone)
Microglia (CNS)
Alveolar macrophages (lung)

There are 3 pathways for activation of complement:

CAM

Classical
Alternative
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)

C
Classical pathway
C1
Cleaves
C4
Covalent bond to bacterial surface
Cleaves
C2
Complex C4b2a
C3
Convertase to MAC

Classical pathway
Complex Ag-Ab (IgG/M)

Alternative pathway
Adhesive cell walls

Recruitment of Leukocytes to Sites of Infection

SIP of wine:
Selectins
Integrins
Penetration of BM by PMN

Selectins are first in the chain of events. Integrins cause release of VCAM and VLA.

Adhesion molecules, 3 groups = SIS
Selectins
Integrins
Superfamily Ig

There are 3 groups of selectins = LEP
L-selectins
Leukocytes

E-selectins
Endothelial cells

P-selectins
Platelets

Ig Superfamily - cell adhesion molecules (CAM)

VIP:
VCAM (vascular cell adhesion molecule)
ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)
PECAM (platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule)

NK Cells

NK
Natural Killers, "born to kill"
Not lymphocytes

MHC I
I
Inhibits cell killing by NK

IL 15
Increases number of NK cells
IL 12 stimulation
INF gamma stimulation of NK cells

Published: 01/24/2008
Updated: 08/05/2008