Reviewer: S. Randhawa, M.D., Allergist/Immunologist and Assistant Professor at LSU (Shreveport) Department of Allergy and Immunology
Immune System has 2 arms:
- Innate immune system
- Adaptive immune system
The 2 arms of the immune system: innate immunity and adaptive immunity (click to enlarge the image).
NK Cells
NK
Natural Killers, "born to kill"
Not lymphocytes
NK cells are CD45+ CD3- CD16+ or CD56+.
NKT cells are CD45+ CD3+ CD16+ or CD56+.
NK are "born to kill," they are natural killers because they do not need a stimulus to kill affected cells. In a sense, NK are "hyperactive" and potenially, the most dangerous cells in the human body.
MHC I
I
Inhibits cell killing by NK
Viruses inhibit MHC I expression which leads to killing by NK cells.
IL 15
Increases number of NK cells
IL 12 stimulation
INF gamma stimulation of NK cells
NK cells (not T-lymphocytes) are different from NKT cells. NKT cells are T-lymphocytes.
NK cells are CD45+ CD3- CD16+ or CD56+.
NKT cells are CD45+ CD3+ CD16+ or CD56+.
The mnemonic for different T-cell subtypes is FERMNN G ("pheromon G"):
Four, CD4, helper cells (Th1 and Th2)
Eight, CD8, killer cells
Regulatory, formerly known as suppressors
Memory
Naïve T cells
Natural Killer T cells (NKT)
Gamma/delta T cells (γδ)
Mind map of the 7 different T-cell subtypes remembered by the mnemonic FERMNN G (click to enlarge the image).
Published: 12/05/2007
Updated: 09/05/2010
NK
Natural Killers, "born to kill"
Not lymphocytes
NK cells are CD45+ CD3- CD16+ or CD56+.
NKT cells are CD45+ CD3+ CD16+ or CD56+.
NK are "born to kill," they are natural killers because they do not need a stimulus to kill affected cells. In a sense, NK are "hyperactive" and potenially, the most dangerous cells in the human body.
MHC I
I
Inhibits cell killing by NK
Viruses inhibit MHC I expression which leads to killing by NK cells.
IL 15
Increases number of NK cells
IL 12 stimulation
INF gamma stimulation of NK cells
NK cells (not T-lymphocytes) are different from NKT cells. NKT cells are T-lymphocytes.
NK cells are CD45+ CD3- CD16+ or CD56+.
NKT cells are CD45+ CD3+ CD16+ or CD56+.
The mnemonic for different T-cell subtypes is FERMNN G ("pheromon G"):
Four, CD4, helper cells (Th1 and Th2)
Eight, CD8, killer cells
Regulatory, formerly known as suppressors
Memory
Naïve T cells
Natural Killer T cells (NKT)
Gamma/delta T cells (γδ)
Mind map of the 7 different T-cell subtypes remembered by the mnemonic FERMNN G (click to enlarge the image).
Published: 12/05/2007
Updated: 09/05/2010
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